Some Somali analysts and political critics argue that Puntland’s recent actions may indirectly support the fragmentation of Somalia. Their main concern comes from the security cooperation pact signed between Puntland and Somaliland in late 2025. Although the agreement focuses on counterterrorism, maritime security, and border cooperation, critics believe it gives Somaliland more legitimacy as a separate authority, which they see as a step toward dividing the country.
Puntland’s strong relationship with the United Arab Emirates adds to these accusations. The UAE maintains separate partnerships with both Puntland and Somaliland, especially in ports and security. While Puntland views these ties as practical support for development and stability, critics argue that the UAE is building influence in Somalia through regional administrations instead of through the federal government. This fuels claims that Puntland is choosing external patrons over national unity.
The debate intensified after Israel officially recognized Somaliland’s independence in 2025. Puntland did not publicly support the recognition, but some observers noted the lack of a clear and strong rejection. Combined with Puntland’s alignment with the UAE—an active regional partner to Israel—this allowed some critics to suggest that Puntland is indirectly benefiting from agendas that weaken Somali unity.
Puntland firmly rejects these accusations. The administration insists it still supports Somali unity and only works with foreign partners due to security and economic needs neglected by the federal government. Supporters of Puntland argue that these critics misunderstand the regional realities and blame Puntland for Somalia’s wider political failures.
In the end, the issue remains a matter of perspective rather than confirmed fact. What is certain is that Somalia’s political environment is tense, foreign influence is growing, and Puntland’s decisions are now viewed through a wider regional lens involving the UAE, Israel, and the future of Somali statehood.